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  1. United States Courts
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  3. Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure
  4. Rule 32.1. Citing Judicial Dispositions
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Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure

Rule 32.1. Citing Judicial Dispositions

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    (a) Citation Permitted. A court may not prohibit or restrict the citation of federal judicial opinions, orders, judgments, or other written dispositions that have been:

    • (i) designated as “unpublished,” “not for publication,” “non-precedential,” “not precedent,” or the like; and

    • (ii) issued on or after January 1, 2007.

    (b) Copies Required. If a party cites a federal judicial opinion, order, judgment, or other written disposition that is not available in a publicly accessible electronic database, the party must file and serve a copy of that opinion, order, judgment, or disposition with the brief or other paper in which it is cited.

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