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  4. Rule 1004. Admissibility of Other Evidence of Content
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Federal Rules of Evidence

Rule 1004. Admissibility of Other Evidence of Content

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    An original is not required and other evidence of the content of a writing, recording, or photograph is admissible if:

    (a) all the originals are lost or destroyed, and not by the proponent acting in bad faith;

    (b) an original cannot be obtained by any available judicial process;

    (c) the party against whom the original would be offered had control of the original; was at that time put on notice, by pleadings or otherwise, that the original would be a subject of proof at the trial or hearing; and fails to produce it at the trial or hearing; or

    (d) the writing, recording, or photograph is not closely related to a controlling issue.

    Previous ruleRule 1003. Admissibility of Duplicates Next ruleRule 1005. Copies of Public Records to Prove Content
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